Outrage of Modesty under the Penal Code in Singapore
Outrage of modesty is one of the most frequently reported sexual offences in Singapore. The law treats it very seriously, and penalties can be severe—even for first-time offenders. Whether you are a victim seeking justice or someone facing charges, it’s important to understand what the offence covers under the Singapore Penal Code.
What is “outrage of modesty”?
Outrage of modesty refers to any unwanted physical contact of a sexual nature. This offence applies regardless of gender—anyone can be a victim or an offender.
Examples include:
- Groping or inappropriate touching in public or private spaces,
- Forcing a kiss or hug,
- Unwanted physical contact in crowded places such as buses, trains, or lifts.
At its core, the law protects individuals against non-consensual sexual contact.
Penalties under the Penal Code (Active as of 2025)
The Penal Code sets out different punishments depending on the circumstances:
- Section 354(1) – General offence
➝ Up to 3 years’ imprisonment, a fine, caning, or any combination. - Section 354(2) – If the victim is under 14 years old
➝ Up to 5 years’ imprisonment, a fine, caning, or a combination. - Section 354A – Aggravated cases, such as:
- Using or threatening violence,
- Wrongfully restraining the victim,
- Committing the offence in a lift.
➝ Punishment: 2 to 10 years’ imprisonment plus caning.
➝ If the victim is under 14 or the offence takes place in a lift, the minimum is 3 years’ jail plus caning.
- Using or threatening violence,
- Section 73 – When the victim is a domestic worker and the offender is an employer, household member, or agent
➝ Penalties can be doubled (e.g., up to 6 years’ imprisonment under Section 354).
These provisions are currently in force and actively enforced by the Singapore Police Force.
How is it different from voyeurism?
Outrage of modesty should not be confused with voyeurism, such as upskirt filming or hidden camera recordings. Voyeurism is a separate offence under Section 377BB of the Penal Code, with its own punishments.
Factors the courts consider
When sentencing, the courts will look at factors such as:
- The seriousness of the act (e.g., where and how the victim was touched),
- Whether violence, restraint, or threats were involved,
- The age or vulnerability of the victim,
- The location of the offence (offences in lifts are treated more seriously).
Guidance for survivors
If you have experienced outrage of modesty:
- Report immediately to the police, and preserve evidence such as clothing, CCTV, or text messages.
- Seek medical attention if necessary.
- Reach out for support—counselling and victim assistance services are available in Singapore.
- You may also apply for protection orders or compensation.
Guidance for those accused
If you have been accused of outrage of modesty:
- Seek legal advice immediately. What you say in your initial police statement can affect your case.
- Do not contact the complainant.
- Preserve evidence such as CCTV or messages that may support your defence.
Being accused does not mean you are guilty—but because the punishments are severe, professional legal advice is critical.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the law gender-neutral?
Yes. Both men and women can be victims or offenders.
Is caning always included?
No. Caning is mandatory only in certain aggravated cases under Section 354A.
Why use the word “modesty”?
It’s an older legal term, but it refers to protecting personal dignity and preventing unwanted sexual acts.
Key Takeaways
- Outrage of modesty is a serious sexual offence in Singapore.
- Penalties range from fines to jail and caning, with harsher punishments if the victim is a child, a domestic worker, or if violence is involved.
- Voyeurism is a different offence under Section 377BB.
- Both survivors and those accused should seek help quickly.
Need Legal Assistance?
At Adel Law LLC, we handle cases involving outrage of modesty and related sexual offences under the Penal Code. Our lawyers can guide you through the legal process—whether you are seeking protection as a victim or defending yourself against an allegation.
📞 Contact us today for a confidential consultation.
