Civil and Criminal Proceedings in Singapore?
In Singapore, the legal system distinguishes between two main types of court proceedings: civil and criminal. While both types involve resolving disputes and applying the law, they serve different purposes and follow different procedures. This guide breaks down what each one means, how they work, and what to expect if you’re involved in either.
What Are Civil Proceedings?
Civil proceedings are legal disputes between private individuals, companies, or organisations. These cases usually involve claims for money, property, or the enforcement of rights.
Common Examples:
- Breach of contract
- Property disputes
- Divorce and child custody matters
- Employment disputes
- Personal injury claims
Who Starts It?
The party bringing the case is called the plaintiff (or claimant), and the other party is the defendant.
Goal:
To resolve the dispute and, if necessary, award compensation or issue orders like an injunction or declaration.
Where It’s Heard:
Most civil matters in Singapore are heard in:
- State Courts (for claims up to S$250,000)
- High Court (for larger or more complex matters)
What Are Criminal Proceedings?
Criminal proceedings deal with offences against the law or society. These are prosecuted by the State, typically represented by the Attorney-General’s Chambers (AGC), on behalf of the public.
Common Examples:
- Theft
- Drug offences
- Assault or outrage of modesty
- Fraud
- Traffic violations
Who Starts It?
The Prosecution (usually the Public Prosecutor) files the charges. The accused person is the defendant.
Goal:
To determine whether the accused is guilty or not guilty, and if found guilty, to impose a punishment such as a fine, imprisonment, or caning (for certain offences).
Where It’s Heard:
- State Courts (for most criminal offences)
- High Court (for serious offences such as murder or drug trafficking)
Can a Case Be Both Civil and Criminal?
Yes. Some cases may give rise to both civil and criminal actions. For example, if someone assaults another person:
- The State may charge the offender in criminal court.
- The victim may also sue for damages in a civil court.
Need Legal Help?
Whether you’re facing a criminal charge or need help resolving a civil dispute, it’s important to seek legal advice early. Singapore’s legal system is strict, and the procedures can be complex. A qualified lawyer can guide you through the process and protect your interests.
Adel Law LLC offers experienced legal support in both civil and criminal matters. If you have questions or need representation, we’re here to help.
